The ophthalmic nerve branches from the trigeminal nerve in the skull and begins in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, a ...

Cavernous malformations, also known as "cavernous angiomas," "cavernous hemangiomas" or just "cavernomas" are clusters of tightly packed abnormal blood vessels surrounded by normal brain tissue.

One significant area of research has been the classification and management of cavernous malformations affecting cranial nerves, including the optic pathway. A systematic review identified that ...

In the cavernous sinus, blockage of venous outflow causes proptosis and chemosis. Pain is usually present due to involvement of trigeminal nerve. Bilaterality also suggests cavernous sinus ...