Imagine standing by a lake and throwing a stone into the water. Waves spread out in circular patterns and can reflect at ...

The resulting oscillations exert a force on the electrons in graphene. This generates a circular electron density wave that ...

At its core, DFT postulates that the ground-state energy of a quantum system is a functional of the electron density. This principle, known as the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, simplifies the problem of ...

Bareh, A. and Chetia, B. (2025) Comprehensive Analysis of the Ionospheric Response to the 2015 Geomagnetic Storms over ...

Owing to the high electron number density, the electron plasma frequency is extremely high and it far exceeds the electron collision frequency. Such properties lead to many novel effects 4 , 5 , 6 .

Moreover, for diffusion to be directed inwards towards the Earth, the gradient in electron phase-space density (which is proportional to the measured flux divided by the square of the electron ...

The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and one electron in the region outside the nucleus. The electron and proton are attracted to each other.